Environmental Impact Assessment https://climateconnection.org.in/ en CSR funds utilisation and human rights adherence by industries in Tamil Nadu https://climateconnection.org.in/content/csr-funds-utilisation-and-human-rights-adherence-industries-tamil-nadu <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--report.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--report.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">CSR funds utilisation and human rights adherence by industries in Tamil Nadu</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--report.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--report.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/subramanimuthukumar" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">subramani.muthukumar</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--report.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--report.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 09/02/2022 - 16:32</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--report.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--report.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In India, there has been an ever-widening gap between individuals who have benefitted from the economic growth and the vast group of the underprivileged who have been left out of the process. This report examines if the usage and break up of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) funds by industries in Tamil Nadu supports the needs of those likely to be left behind.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--report.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--report.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/author/mala-balaji-researcher-environment-and-climate-action" hreflang="en">Mala Balaji, Researcher - Environment and Climate Action</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--report.html.twig x field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--report.html.twig * field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-above clearfix"> <h3 class="field__label">Tags</h3> <ul class='links field__items'> <li><a href="/tags/climate-change" hreflang="en">Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="/tags/thermal-power-plants" hreflang="en">Thermal Power Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/tags/environmental-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">Environmental Impact Assessment</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-attachments--report.html.twig * field--node--field-attachments.html.twig * field--node--report.html.twig * field--field-attachments.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-attachments field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Attachments</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"> <a href="https://climateconnection.org.in/sites/default/files/2023-06/CSR%20report_January%202022.pdf" type="application/pdf">CSR report_January 2022.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--report.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_37 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://climateconnection.org.in/content/csr-funds-utilisation-and-human-rights-adherence-industries-tamil-nadu" data-a2a-title="CSR funds utilisation and human rights adherence by industries in Tamil Nadu"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail"></a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a><a class="a2a_button_telegram"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> Wed, 09 Feb 2022 11:02:54 +0000 subramani.muthukumar 1443 at https://climateconnection.org.in Environmental Impact Assessment Notifications in India: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats https://climateconnection.org.in/updates/environmental-impact-assessment-notifications-india-strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-and <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--updates.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Environmental Impact Assessment Notifications in India: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--updates.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/siteadmin" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">siteadmin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--updates.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 15/09/2020 - 17:28</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--updates.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>By Aakanksha Tiwari, Researcher-Environment and Climate Action</p> <p> </p> <p>In the late 1970s, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) <a href="https://www.thermalwatch.org.in/sites/default/files/Resource/Emergence%20of%20Environmental%20Impact%20Assessment%20in%20India_ThermalWatch_August2020.pdf">emerged in India</a> for river valley projects. Later, in the first EIA notification published in 1994, industries requiring prior environmental clearance were categorised as red, orange and green. In the EIA 2006 notification, the projects were further categorised based on their size and capacities as Category A and Category B projects. The most recent one is the draft EIA notification, 2020, which has several<a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/environment/why-draft-eia-2020-needs-a-revaluation-72148"> loopholes</a> that encourage fast-track Environment Clearance (EC) for the projects through modifications such as exemption of many projects from the requirement of EIA and shortened public consultation period.</p> <p> </p> <p>                                                                             <img alt="environment" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/image2_0.png" /></p> <p>                                                               Figure 1: Chronological order of EIA.</p> <p> </p> <p>EIA is done to evaluate the likely impacts of the project proposed on the surrounding environment. Also, in the EC process, the queries or suggestions of local people about the proposed project are undertaken during the ‘public consultation’ arranged by the project proponent, based on that the Environmental Appraisal Committee (EAC) takes its decision to give a “go” or “no go” for a project. However, the <a href="https://www.thermalwatch.org.in/sites/default/files/Resource/The%20Triple%20tragedy%20on%20May07_ThermalWatch_May_2020%20.pdf">triple tragedies</a> in India (back to back three industrial accidents) on 7th May 2020 and other environmental destruction reflect that the environmental laws have been poorly implemented. The <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/assam-baghjan-oil-field-fire-experts-injured-6518652/#:~:text=Three%20foreign%20experts%2C%20involved%20in,wellhead%20area%20on%20Wednesday%20afternoon.&amp;text=The%20incident%20took%20place%20around,in%20the%20afternoon%2C%20authorities%20said.">Baghjan oil fields fire in Assam</a>, clearance granted for <a href="https://india.mongabay.com/2020/08/goa-destroys-green-cover-to-enable-infrastructure-projects/#:~:text=The%20case%20of%20three%20major,via%20video%20conference%20in%20April">three infrastructure projects in Mollem National Park in Goa</a> and the <a href="https://science.thewire.in/politics/rights/etalin-hydroelectric-power-project-engineering-dibang-valley-idu-mishmi/">Etalin Hydro project in Dibang Valley in Arunachal Pradesh</a>, are the different examples that highlight the clearances have been granted to many projects without fulfilment of EC conditions, which has crucial impacts on the environment and indigenous communities. Thus, India requires concrete green laws and effective implementation of these laws to manage and conserve its natural resources without any compromise. </p> <div> <table> <tr> <td> <p>Analysing</p> </td> <td> <p>EIA notification, 1994 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Strengths</p> </td> <td> <p>The EC is mandatory, even for activities such as expansion and modernisation of industries, that are listed in Schedule I of the Notification</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Screening; Scoping; Selection of alternatives; Mitigation measures; and Submission of Environmental statement, are the 5 stages that are to be crossed before getting EC</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>If any project proponent is found guilty for submission of wrong information, reports, decisions and recommendations in concern of their project and its impacts on the surrounding ecosystem, such projects will be automatically rejected and will not be allowed to proceed towards construction and operation</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Weaknesses</p> </td> <td> <p>The small-sized and low-capacity projects, that have potential to cause significant impacts on the environment due to disposal of waste and toxic chemicals in air, water and soil, for eg. electroplating industry, are exempted from Schedule I of the Notification</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The public hearing is the best way to understand the social and environmental issues due to proposed projects, thus, it should also take place during EIA to prepare a more detailed report. However, it does take place only once, that is, during the end stage of project clearance </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Opportunities</p> </td> <td> <p>Local communities are invited through advertisements and other local methods to participate when the public hearing is conducted in the region around the project to keep their problems (if any) before the Impact Assessment Agency (IAA) takes any decision on the proposed project</p> </td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Threats</p> </td> <td> <p>The Impact Assessment Agency (IAA) of the Central Government does not have any experts who can evaluate the environmental impacts of large-scale projects such as dams, coal mining and ports and harbour, which raises questions on the effectiveness of their decision making on such projects</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The terms of reference (ToR), which is the document that provides a baseline for preparing the EIA report, is decided by the project proponent, without any consultation from local communities, who face the brunt of destruction and pollution caused</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p>Table 1: A SWOT analysis of EIA notification, 1994.</p> <p> </p> <div> <table> <tr> <td> <p>Analysing</p> </td> <td> <p>EIA notification, 2006 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Strengths</p> </td> <td> <p>For decentralisation of projects and better decision making, the projects/activities listed in Schedule I have been categorised as per the size and capacity of the projects to Category A projects, apprised by National level Impact Assessment Agency (IAA) and the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC), and Category B projects, apprised by State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) and State Level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC). Further, Category B projects were divided into Category B1 and B2</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The public consultation consists of two major components: </p> <p>1. Listen to the views of local people</p> <p>2. Get written responses of interested people and organisations </p> <p>Thus, the voice of local communities are also heard and considered for better decision making</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Weaknesses</p> </td> <td> <p>To finalise the ToR during scoping, the Expert Appraisal Committee  (EAC) is completely dependent on the information provided by the project proponent. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>There is no provision that makes it mandatory for proponents to hire a team that has all the experts such as wildlife experts, conservationists, anthropologists and social scientists, for EIA study at the proposed site. Hence, the cumulative impact of projects on the surrounding ecosystem, natural resources, wildlife and local communities, are always unknown.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Opportunities</p> </td> <td> <p>After the approval of ToR, a baseline study is done during the monsoon (if prescribed) and non-monsoon period, to evaluate the possible environmental impacts of the proposed project. However, a baseline study lacks a comprehensive external cost accounting and assessment of both, environmental and social impact</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The Category B2 projects are completely excluded from the EIA and public hearing. So, adding projects in this category can provide a free pass to the projects to operate and expand without any concern about impacts on the surrounding environment and local communities. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Threats</p> </td> <td> <p>Many projects/activities include expansion of roads and highways, modernisation of irrigation projects, etc.,  with significant environmental and social impacts, have been excluded from the public hearing</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Declaring some projects/industries like nuclear energy as strategic so that the Environment Management Plans (EMPs) for such industries can be kept confidential and they can bypass the public-hearing</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p>Table 2: A SWOT analysis of EIA notification, 2006.</p> <p> </p> <div> <table> <tr> <td> <p>Analysing</p> </td> <td> <p>Draft EIA notification, 2020 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Strengths</p> </td> <td> <p>NA</p> </td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Weaknesses</p> </td> <td> <p>The two initial stages, screening and scoping are significant to decide on need and methodology for EIA for proposed projects, respectively. However, they are nullified in this Notification to ensure speedy clearance of projects</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The period for submission of public responses is reduced from 30 days to 20 days. This does not give sufficient time for the public and experts to review the document and give valuable inputs.  </p> </td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Opportunities</p> </td> <td> <p>In addition to the consultants hired by project proponents, the communities who are going to be impacted should also simultaneously do the EIA for an upcoming project in their area, with the governmental support, and the two reports should be compared before decision making</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Standardise the limits for acceptable social and environmental impacts of development to protect the environment or the ecosystems, which are life support systems for all living beings on Earth</p> </td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Study of the cumulative impact assessment of all existing and upcoming projects should be made to know the impacts on people and resources in local to wide areas in the surroundings of the projects</p> </td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Threats</p> </td> <td> <p>It allows post-facto clearance for projects that are operating without any EC and replaces half-yearly reporting with annual reporting of compliance, resulting in the possibility of increased violations and further destruction of the environment</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The Central Government is getting power to categorise projects as ‘strategic’ and no information related to such projects shall be placed in the public domain and will not be disclosed under RTI (Right To Information) Act</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p>Table 3: A SWOT analysis of draft EIA notification, 2020 (NA-Not Available).</p> <p> </p> <p>This SWOT analysis is done to identify and understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of provisions mentioned in the EIA Notifications over the years. It is observed that there is a steady dilution of  green lawsin India, which could have an adverse impact on the future generation, especially in the wake of the global concern of climate change. It is high time we recognised that compromise on the environment will benefit no one in the long run. Thus,  it is necessary to have rigid laws, decentralise the EC process,  increase transparency, strengthen public hearing for better decision making, periodically monitor the infrastructure projects and regulate them to operate in line with important commitments like the Paris agreement and the UN Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and stringently enforce environmental laws against activities detrimental to nature and local populations. At the same time, it is important to sensitise the public and engage them in conversations on the environment so that they play an active role in conserving nature from further destruction.</p> <p> </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--updates.html.twig x field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline clearfix"> <h3 class="field__label inline">Tags</h3> <ul class='links field__items'> <li><a href="/tags/environmental-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">Environmental Impact Assessment</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--updates.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_37 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://climateconnection.org.in/updates/environmental-impact-assessment-notifications-india-strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-and" data-a2a-title="Environmental Impact Assessment Notifications in India: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail"></a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a><a class="a2a_button_telegram"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> Tue, 15 Sep 2020 11:58:13 +0000 siteadmin 533 at https://climateconnection.org.in The emergence of Environmental Impact Assessment in India https://climateconnection.org.in/updates/emergence-environmental-impact-assessment-india <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--updates.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The emergence of Environmental Impact Assessment in India</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--updates.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/siteadmin" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">siteadmin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--updates.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 15/07/2020 - 17:20</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--updates.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>By Aakanksha Tiwari, Researcher-Environment and Climate Action</p> <p>Ancient India had few environmental regulations that can be read in Kautilya’s ‘Arthashastra’ and on the fifth pillar edict of Emperor Ashoka. In the era before Indian independence in 1947, though there were no laws, there were cultural boundaries and respect for nature in the hearts of people of all ages and gender. </p> <p>The common practices among most of the Indian parents were to tell their kids the stories of forest animals from books like  ‘Panchtantra Ki Kahaniya’ (stories of Panchtantra) and those kids grew up watching their grandparents worshipping trees or/and animals and they followed the same traditions, which shows that the concern for environment/nature was very organic among the people and was inherited from their ancestors. Soon after independence in 1947, with the focus on economic growth and development, India started building industries, dams, highways etc., which awakened the concern of the general public on the impact of such projects on the environment. </p> <p>Recognising these concerns, India participated in the Stockholm Conference or the ‘<a href="https://sgerendask.com/en/the-stockholm-declaration-in-way-to-the-half-century-of-the-first-earth-summit/">First Earth Summit</a>’, in 1972. Consequently, in 1976, the 42nd amendment to the Indian Constitution was made by the introduction of <a href="https://www.acceleratesd.org/post/article-48a-in-the-constitution-of-india#:~:text='Protection%20and%20improvement%20of%20environment,and%20wildlife%20of%20the%20country'.">Article 48 A</a>, which binds  “states to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forest and wildlife of the country”.</p> <p>Environmental Impact Assessment was introduced in India in the <a href="https://www.envis.org/eia/eia-manual/74-indian-policies-requiring-eia">late 1970s</a> to analyse the environmental impacts of river valley projects. In 1992, industries were categorised as red, orange and green to frame and implement regulations accordingly. The administrative model of EIA was followed in India until 1992, with no legal backing. The central administration decided on the necessity of impact assessment for projects. <a href="https://www.cbd.int/impact/whatis.shtml">Environmental Impact Assessment</a> (EIA) got global recognition after all nations were obligated to “use EIA as a tool for informed decision-making towards sustainable development” after the <a href="https://www.cbd.int/doc/ref/rio-declaration.shtml#:~:text=Principle%2017,of%20a%20competent%20national%20authority.">Rio declaration</a> in 1992. Later, the statutory model of EIA was enacted in India which made it mandatory for assessment of environmental impacts under an enacted law or delegated legislation. </p> <p>To implement significant environmental legislations in India like the Wildlife Act (1972), Water Act (1974), Forest Act (1980), Air Act (1981), and Environment (Protection) Act (1986), the Department of Environment was established in 1980 and the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) was created in 1985. Between 1980 to 1989, a series of nine small booklets were published by MoEF to guide planners and decision-makers about the environmental impacts of certain large projects. It was mandatory for 11 categories of projects (or mega projects) like river valley, major irrigation, hydropower, thermal power, mining, ports and harbour, tourism, industrial and human settlements to obtain Environmental Clearance under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. However, there was a lack of clarity on procedures or methodology, lack of trained EIA practitioners and EIA guidelines. Thus, the Ministry of Environment and Forest (currently known as Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change) notified the first <a href="http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/ind4656.pdf">EIA Notification on 27th January, 1994</a> under Rule 5 of <a href="https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/4316/1/ep_act_1986.pdf">Environment Protection Act, 1986</a> to push for a more sustainable industrialisation process in the country. Under the EIA Notification 1994, there were a total of 29 categories of projects like mining, thermal and nuclear power plants, township and hospitals that were listed under Schedule I of the Notification for which EIA was mandatory before their establishment. </p> <p>Table 1: Overview of EIA Notification, 1994.</p> <div> <table> <tr> <td> <p>S. No.</p> </td> <td> <p>Benefits</p> </td> <td> <p>Flaws</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p>1.</p> </td> <td> <p>Environmental Clearance (EC) was made mandatory for expansion or modernisation of any activity or proposed new projects listed in Schedule I of the Notification</p> </td> <td> <p>Several projects (e.g., electroplating) with significant environmental impacts were not listed in Schedule I of the Notification</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p>  2.</p> </td> <td> <p>Developed five stages for EC: Screening; Scoping; Selection of alternatives; Mitigation measures; and Submission of Environmental statement  </p> </td> <td> <p>Conflicts and consents of local people were notified at a later stage of project clearance</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p>3.</p> </td> <td> <p>An on-site survey of large projects such as mining, pit-head thermal power stations and hydro-power was assigned to the central government to decide on the proposed site</p> </td> <td> <p>The Impact Assessment Agency (IAA) of Central Government lacked people with expertise to evaluate the environmental impacts of such large-scale projects </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p>4.</p> </td> <td> <p>If necessary, the Impact Assessment Agency (IAA) decided after a public hearing in the region around the project</p> </td> <td> <p>The terms of reference (ToR) was completely decided by the proponent without any public consultation</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p>5.</p> </td> <td> <p>Automatic rejection of the project- found guilty for misrepresentation and concealing of factual data and submission of wrong information, reports, decisions and recommendations</p> </td> <td> <p>Exemption of low investment projects from the Notification</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p> </p> <p>A total of <a href="http://awsassets.wwfindia.org/downloads/session_13_1.pdf">13 amendments were made to  EIA Notification 1994</a> between 1994 and  2006 to develop an effective decision-making tool based on updated legal and procedural regulations.   </p> <p><em>Table 2: Significant amendments of EIA Notification 1994</em></p> <div> <table> <tr> <td> <p>S. No.</p> </td> <td> <p>Date</p> </td> <td> <p>Details of amendments</p> </td> <td> <p>Influence</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>1</p> </td> <td> <p>April 10, 1997</p> </td> <td> <p>Public hearing and a public hearing committee was incorporated in the EC procedure</p> </td> <td> <p>The transparency in EC procedure will lead to better policy development</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2</p> </td> <td> <p>June 13, 2002</p> </td> <td> <p>Industries that had investment less than Rs 100 crore for new projects and less than Rs. 50 crore for expansion/modernisation projects had been exempted from the EC procedure </p> </td> <td> <p>Low-investment projects can have many social and environmental impacts. Thus, such projects should not be exempted from the EC procedure</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>3</p> </td> <td> <p>May 7, 2003</p> </td> <td> <p>An expansion in the list of developmental activities such as river valley projects (including hydel power projects), major irrigation projects and their combination including flood control projects (excluding maintenance projects)</p> </td> <td> <p>Many dangerous projects could be identified and prohibited in the process of seeking EC by project proponents</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>4</p> </td> <td> <p>August 4, 2003</p> </td> <td> <p>The projects located within 15 kilometres radius of the boundary of reserved forests, ecologically sensitive areas, which include national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves; and any State, must take environmental clearance from the Central Government</p> </td> <td> <p>Many big projects located beyond 15 kilometres radius of protected areas have the potential to pollute</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>5</p> </td> <td> <p>September 2003</p> </td> <td> <p>Projects like greenfield airport, petrochemical complexes and refineries must have site clearance. However, a public hearing was exempted for off-shore exploration activities to be happening beyond 10 km from the nearest human settlements and ecologically sensitive areas</p> </td> <td> <p>Off-shore exploration 10 km beyond any human settlement can be dangerous for marine life, thus, also disturbs the livelihood of local communities</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>6</p> </td> <td> <p>July 7, 2004</p> </td> <td> <p>Construction and industrial estate are included in the list of projects for which EIA is mandatory</p> </td> <td> <p>Necessary to highlight the lack of environmental concern in urban planning</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>7</p> </td> <td> <p>July 4, 2005</p> </td> <td> <p>A relaxation from prior EC for projects such as expansion or modernisation of nuclear power, river valley project, ports and harbours, airports, thermal power plants and mining projects with a lease area of more than 5 hectares by Central Government and a temporary permit to operate for a period of two years during which the proponent has to obtain environmental clearance which is now called post-facto clearance</p> </td> <td> <p>Post-facto clearance is used as a green card by industries and such provisions undermine the idea of conservation and improvement of the environment in our country (Article 48 A), as it allows the developmental activities to construct and operate even if they do not receive EC for their project proposal</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p> </p> <p>On the basis of a review of bottlenecks in EC procedure by Indian branch of a global consultancy group Environmental Resources Management (ERM) to recommend “Good Practices” to MoEF and the <a href="https://dipp.gov.in/sites/default/files/implrepo2.pdf">report</a> of Govindarajan committee, “set up by the Cabinet Secretariat in September 2001 to recast the government’s investment approvals and regulations framework”, a note titled ‘Reforms in the Grant of Environmental Clearances’ was prepared. This note was circulated during the <a href="https://www.dakshin.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Rephrasing-Environmental-Reforms.pdf">meeting organised by MoEF</a> on November 29, 2004 to address the modified recommendations on reducing the “delay” in granting EC to projects. In 2004 and 2005, open letters were sent to the Prime Minister by a group of citizens to critique the EC process, which was used to make the draft of a new EIA Notification, published on September 15, 2005. The draft was kept open for online public comments for 60 days and it was published only in the English language. Therefore, not a single comment from local communities and panchayat committees were received, who are mostly the frontline communities that face the brunt of the damages caused by these developmental activities. As an outcome of the <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/barking-up-the-wrong-tree/story-QTRT5tRjo8zcjsU00gdQIP.html">meeting with apex industry associations</a> on May 22, 2006, and comments received from central government ministries, the draft was finalised and the <a href="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/Policy%20Regimes%20on%20Environment.pdf">re-engineered EIA Notification</a> was published on September 14, 2006. </p> <p>Later, between 2014-2019, more than <a href="http://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Compendium-of-OMs_reduce.pdf">40 Office Memorandums</a> were published by the Union Environment Ministry to bring amendments in <a href="http://www.environmentwb.gov.in/pdf/EIA%20Notification,%202006.pdf">EIA Notification, 2006</a>. It was observed that most of these amendments were made to assist speedy clearance mechanisms for projects. </p> <p>The recently published <a href="http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Draft_EIA_2020.pdf">draft EIA Notification, 2020</a> plans to further dilute provisions of EIA Notification 2006 by reducing transparency, further shrinking the space for public engagement and so on. The inputs on this draft were originally sought from citizens between April 11, 2020, to June 11, 2020, when most of the people were struggling to make ends meet during the strict lockdown. After a petition in the Delhi High Court, the last date for comments was extended to August 11, 2020. In an Order dated 30th June 2020 the Delhi High Court ordered the central government to publish draft EIA Notification, 2020 in 22 local languages, within next 10 days. However, an <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/eia-draft-translated-into-3-languages-only-rti/article32249469.ece#:~:text=However%2C%20in%20spite%20of%20five,April%2011%20to%20June%2011.">RTI revealed</a> that the draft was translated into only 3 languages-Marathi, Nepali and Odia, until 10 days before the last date for sending comments. People from different walks of life have utilised the online resources like national consultation, campaigns etc., to understand the dangers posed by the amendments proposed to EIA Notification 2006. Consequently, around <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/environment-ministry-says-17-lakh-comments-on-draft-eia-notification/story-hIZhPzTM185fplOCeAAjGI.html#:~:text=Environment%20ministry%20says%2017%20lakh%20comments%20on%20draft%20EIA%20notification,-Updated%3A%20Aug%2011&amp;text=New%20Delhi%3A%20The%20union%20environment,Tuesday%2C%20including%20some%20repetitive%20emails.">17 lakh comments were received</a> by the Union Environment Ministry through emails and online petitions, demanding to scrap the draft EIA Notification 2020. </p> <p>Despite the fact that many research works have uncovered the rising burden on India’s public health and the ecosystem due to pollution, groundwater depletion, destruction of eco-sensitive zones etc., as well as, deprival of communities from social and environmental justice, it is unfortunate that in most cases the well-being of the environment and people are never at the centre of decision making in our country.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--updates.html.twig x field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline clearfix"> <h3 class="field__label inline">Tags</h3> <ul class='links field__items'> <li><a href="/tags/environmental-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">Environmental Impact Assessment</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--updates.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_37 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://climateconnection.org.in/updates/emergence-environmental-impact-assessment-india" data-a2a-title="The emergence of Environmental Impact Assessment in India"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail"></a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a><a class="a2a_button_telegram"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> Wed, 15 Jul 2020 11:50:52 +0000 siteadmin 532 at https://climateconnection.org.in Request to withdraw the Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2020 from public domain https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/request-withdraw-draft-environmental-impact-assessment-notification-2020-public-domain-0 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--resources.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Request to withdraw the Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2020 from public domain</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--resources.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2020, was uploaded in the MoEF&amp;CC Website on March 12, 2020, with a view to receive public comments within 60 days. In this letter CAG requests the MoEFCC to withdraw the draft from public domain in light of the country-wide lockdown to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus Covid 19. The draft can be put out again for public comments once normalcy resumes, and when all stakeholders can afford the required time, access and resources to respond effectively to this Notification.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--resources.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/siteadmin" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">siteadmin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--resources.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Fri, 03/04/2020 - 08:43</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-attachments--resources.html.twig * field--node--field-attachments.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-attachments.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-attachments field--type-file field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"> <a href="https://climateconnection.org.in/sites/default/files/Resource/request_to_withdraw_draft_eia_notification_2020_from_public_domain_cag_chennai_20200331_0.pdf" type="application/pdf">request_to_withdraw_draft_eia_notification_2020_from_public_domain_cag_chennai_20200331_0.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--resources.html.twig x field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline clearfix"> <h3 class="field__label inline">Tags</h3> <ul class='links field__items'> <li><a href="/tags/environmental-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">Environmental Impact Assessment</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--resources.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_37 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/request-withdraw-draft-environmental-impact-assessment-notification-2020-public-domain-0" data-a2a-title="Request to withdraw the Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2020 from public domain"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail"></a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a><a class="a2a_button_telegram"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> Fri, 03 Apr 2020 03:13:21 +0000 siteadmin 756 at https://climateconnection.org.in Letter to the Expert Appraisal Committee - Thermal Power, recommending a site visit to the Ennore Thermal Power Station - Expansion Project https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/letter-expert-appraisal-committee-thermal-power-recommending-site-visit-ennore-thermal-0 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--resources.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Letter to the Expert Appraisal Committee - Thermal Power, recommending a site visit to the Ennore Thermal Power Station - Expansion Project</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--resources.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>This is the letter to the Expert Appraisal Committee - Thermal Power recommending a site visit to the Ennore Thermal Power Station - Expansion Project, about possible violations of its directive to TANGEDCO to refrain from any construction work after the expiry of Environmental Clearance for the project.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--resources.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/siteadmin" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">siteadmin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--resources.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 11/03/2020 - 08:49</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-attachments--resources.html.twig * field--node--field-attachments.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-attachments.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-attachments field--type-file field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"> <a href="https://climateconnection.org.in/sites/default/files/Resource/cag_eac_letter_for_etps_expansion_0.pdf" type="application/pdf">cag_eac_letter_for_etps_expansion_0.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--resources.html.twig x field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline clearfix"> <h3 class="field__label inline">Tags</h3> <ul class='links field__items'> <li><a href="/tags/environmental-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">Environmental Impact Assessment</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--resources.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_37 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/letter-expert-appraisal-committee-thermal-power-recommending-site-visit-ennore-thermal-0" data-a2a-title="Letter to the Expert Appraisal Committee - Thermal Power, recommending a site visit to the Ennore Thermal Power Station - Expansion Project"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail"></a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a><a class="a2a_button_telegram"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> Wed, 11 Mar 2020 03:19:22 +0000 siteadmin 760 at https://climateconnection.org.in CAG’s appeal to TANGEDCO for decarbonised energy security https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/cags-appeal-tangedco-decarbonised-energy-security <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--resources.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">CAG’s appeal to TANGEDCO for decarbonised energy security</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--resources.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In this letter to TANGEDCO, CAG appeals to move to decarbonised energy plan for Tamil Nadu. Plan for realistic growth in electricity demand. Improve performance of existing coal plants instead of building new plants. Solarise the state through rooftop solar and agrivoltaics. </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--resources.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/siteadmin" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">siteadmin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--resources.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 11/03/2020 - 08:46</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-attachments--resources.html.twig * field--node--field-attachments.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-attachments.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-attachments field--type-file field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"> <a href="https://climateconnection.org.in/sites/default/files/Resource/letter_to_tangedco_-_tpp_0.pdf" type="application/pdf">letter_to_tangedco_-_tpp_0.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--resources.html.twig x field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline clearfix"> <h3 class="field__label inline">Tags</h3> <ul class='links field__items'> <li><a href="/tags/environmental-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">Environmental Impact Assessment</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--resources.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_37 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/cags-appeal-tangedco-decarbonised-energy-security" data-a2a-title="CAG’s appeal to TANGEDCO for decarbonised energy security"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail"></a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a><a class="a2a_button_telegram"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> Wed, 11 Mar 2020 03:16:30 +0000 siteadmin 758 at https://climateconnection.org.in Letter to Finance Department: to not give guarantees for funding thermal and hydro power plants in pipeline https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/letter-finance-department-not-give-guarantees-funding-thermal-and-hydro-power-plants-0 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--resources.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Letter to Finance Department: to not give guarantees for funding thermal and hydro power plants in pipeline</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--resources.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>TANGEDCO has requested the Power Finance Corporation and Rural Electrification Corporation, for funding thermal power projects of a combined capacity up to 5,300 MW, and hydro power projects to the tune of 500 MW. To fund these projects, both funding organisations have asked for guarantees from Government of Tamil Nadu. CAG has written to the Finance Secretary requesting that the guarantee not be extended.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--resources.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/siteadmin" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">siteadmin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--resources.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 11/03/2020 - 08:44</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-attachments--resources.html.twig * field--node--field-attachments.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-attachments.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-attachments field--type-file field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"> <a href="https://climateconnection.org.in/sites/default/files/Resource/letter_to_finance_department_-_scanned_copy_0.pdf" type="application/pdf">letter_to_finance_department_-_scanned_copy_0.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--resources.html.twig x field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline clearfix"> <h3 class="field__label inline">Tags</h3> <ul class='links field__items'> <li><a href="/tags/environmental-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">Environmental Impact Assessment</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--resources.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_37 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/letter-finance-department-not-give-guarantees-funding-thermal-and-hydro-power-plants-0" data-a2a-title="Letter to Finance Department: to not give guarantees for funding thermal and hydro power plants in pipeline"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail"></a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a><a class="a2a_button_telegram"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> Wed, 11 Mar 2020 03:14:57 +0000 siteadmin 757 at https://climateconnection.org.in Plant Load Factor https://climateconnection.org.in/updates/plant-load-factor <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--updates.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Plant Load Factor</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--updates.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/siteadmin" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">siteadmin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--updates.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Fri, 25/10/2019 - 23:12</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--updates.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>by Bhagyashree Rath, Researcher - Environment and Climate Change</p> <p>Determining the performance of a power plant can be a complex topic to understand, given the various factors such as availability of fuel/water, installed capacity, the age of the unit, planned outage etc, at play. A brief understanding of different aspects of plant load factor may help in enhancing our knowledge on performance parameters for thermal power plants. The Plant Load Factor is commonly considered as a measure of a power plant’s capacity utilisation.</p> <p>The <a href="http://cercind.gov.in/2014/regulation/reg21.pdf">Central Electricity Regulatory Commission</a> defines Plant Load Factor as a percentage of energy sent out by the power plant corresponding to installed capacity in that period. For example, if a power plant with an installed capacity of 500 MW operates through the day at its maximum load, the energy generated will be: 500 MW X 24hr = 12,000 MWh.</p> <p>The energy sent out by the plant when operating at 450 MW for 24 hours will be: 450 MW X 24hrs = 10,800 MWh</p> <p>Plant Load Factor (PLF): 10,800 MWh ÷ 12,000MWh = 0.9 (90%)</p> <p>A low PLF is bad for the power plant as it indicates that the plant is not being used to its optimal capacity. This will increase the per-unit cost of the power thus produced, making it unattractive for purchase by Discoms. A higher PLF, on the other hand, will generate a greater total output which will reduce the cost per unit of energy generated. The higher the output, the lesser will be cost per unit. The additional energy produced would also result in an increase in revenue of the plant.</p> <p>In India, the Ministry of Power has, since the early 90s, used the Plant Load Factor as a metric to check the efficiency of a plant. A PLF norm has been set, and incentives are being given to those producers who produce power in excess of the norm. Currently, the flat rate payable for excess generation corresponding to the scheduled generation is 50 paise per kWh as specified in regulation 36 (B) of CERC regulations.</p> <p>In the last decade, India’s Plant Load Factor for coal-based power plants has seen a steady decline. Here’s a look at the annual average PLF for coal and lignite-based plants from 2009-10.</p> <div> <table> <tr> <td> <p>Year</p> </td> <td> <p>PLF</p> </td> <td> <p>Sector-wise PLF (%)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>%</p> </td> <td> <p>Central</p> </td> <td> <p>State</p> </td> <td> <p>Private</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2009-10</p> </td> <td> <p>77.5</p> </td> <td> <p>85.5</p> </td> <td> <p>70.9</p> </td> <td> <p>83.9</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2010-11</p> </td> <td> <p>75.1</p> </td> <td> <p>85.1</p> </td> <td> <p>66.7</p> </td> <td> <p>80.7</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2011-12</p> </td> <td> <p>73.3</p> </td> <td> <p>82.1</p> </td> <td> <p>68.0</p> </td> <td> <p>69.5</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2012-13</p> </td> <td> <p>69.9</p> </td> <td> <p>79.2</p> </td> <td> <p>65.6</p> </td> <td> <p>64.1</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2013-14</p> </td> <td> <p>65.60</p> </td> <td> <p>76.10</p> </td> <td> <p>59.10</p> </td> <td> <p>62.10</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2014-15</p> </td> <td> <p>64.46</p> </td> <td> <p>73.96</p> </td> <td> <p>59.83</p> </td> <td> <p>60.58</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2015-16</p> </td> <td> <p>62.29</p> </td> <td> <p>72.52</p> </td> <td> <p>55.41</p> </td> <td> <p>60.49</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2016-17</p> </td> <td> <p>59.88</p> </td> <td> <p>71.98</p> </td> <td> <p>54.35</p> </td> <td> <p>55.73</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2017-18</p> </td> <td> <p>60.67</p> </td> <td> <p>72.35</p> </td> <td> <p>56.83</p> </td> <td> <p>55.32</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2018-19*</p> </td> <td> <p>61.14</p> </td> <td> <p>71.41</p> </td> <td> <p>57.45</p> </td> <td> <p>56.60</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p><em>*Until October 2018. Source: CEA</em></p> <p>In the same period, the deficit that the country faced in power supply- including contributions from renewable sources- has reduced from <a href="https://powermin.nic.in/en/content/power-sector-glance-all-india">10.1% to 0.6%</a>. This drastic fall in the PLF percentages over the years is attributed to the following:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/eppiyush-goyal-no20180518allan-f-a-lasradochennai0-pushes-fornowants-thermal-power-npiyush-goyal-wants-plf-hiked/article23930590.ece">Lack of Fuel Supply</a> Agreements to provide steady and affordable domestic coal</li> <li>Significant capacity addition in the same period</li> <li>The high cost of imported coal</li> <li>Lack of long-term Power Purchase Agreements with the Discoms for off-take of power</li> <li>Increase in availability of affordable power from wind, solar and hydel power, leading to lesser demand of power from coal</li> </ul> <p>The decline is more observable in the private sector, which largely cites a shortage of coal as the reason for reduced power generation. This has been acknowledged in <a href="http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/new_initiatives/NEP-ID_27.06.2017.pdf">NITI </a><a href="http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/new_initiatives/NEP-ID_27.06.2017.pdf">Aayog’s</a><a href="http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/new_initiatives/NEP-ID_27.06.2017.pdf"> Draft National Energy Policy</a>, (Draft National Energy Policy, 5.4.2 &amp; 8.7.4) which notes that the falling PLF is threatening the government’s power augmentation agenda. “The issue of meeting full coal demand of the power plants with FSAs (fuel supply agreements) needs to be resolved so that these plants are able to receive their full coal demand, and raise their PLFs. CIL will prioritise its allocation to these power plants..”</p> <p>Across the world, it is being observed that as coal plant capacities are being added, the PLF seems to take a hit. In 2016, the average PLF globally was 52.5%, with China and the EU slipping well below the average, at 49% and 46% <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/mapped-worlds-coal-power-plants#">respectively</a>. The shift in energy policies worldwide, necessitated by a commitment to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, has led to reduced production from coal-based power plants.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--updates.html.twig x field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--updates.html.twig * field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline clearfix"> <h3 class="field__label inline">Tags</h3> <ul class='links field__items'> <li><a href="/tags/environmental-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">Environmental Impact Assessment</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--updates.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_37 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://climateconnection.org.in/updates/plant-load-factor" data-a2a-title="Plant Load Factor"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail"></a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a><a class="a2a_button_telegram"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> Fri, 25 Oct 2019 17:42:57 +0000 siteadmin 539 at https://climateconnection.org.in Comments on proposed amendement of TOR for TANGEDCO's Ennore TPS expansion https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/comments-proposed-amendement-tor-tangedcos-ennore-tps-expansion <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--resources.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Comments on proposed amendement of TOR for TANGEDCO&#039;s Ennore TPS expansion</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--resources.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>State power utility TANGEDCO recently sought amendment in the Terms of Reference issued for its 660 MW expansion project in Ennore. The utility, which failed to submit a feasibility study for the project, demanded an exemption from the public hearing process, and asked for construction work to be allowed even as its Environmental Clearance process was ongoing. CAG shared its concerns regarding the need and development of this project with the Epxert Appraisal Committee, which scheduled this project for discussion in March.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--resources.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/siteadmin" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">siteadmin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--resources.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 15/04/2019 - 08:38</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-attachments--resources.html.twig * field--node--field-attachments.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-attachments.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-attachments field--type-file field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"> <a href="https://climateconnection.org.in/sites/default/files/Resource/CAG%20EAC%20letter%20for%20Ennore%20TPS%20Expansion_0.pdf" type="application/pdf">CAG EAC letter for Ennore TPS Expansion_0.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--resources.html.twig x field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline clearfix"> <h3 class="field__label inline">Tags</h3> <ul class='links field__items'> <li><a href="/tags/environmental-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">Environmental Impact Assessment</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--resources.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_37 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/comments-proposed-amendement-tor-tangedcos-ennore-tps-expansion" data-a2a-title="Comments on proposed amendement of TOR for TANGEDCO&#039;s Ennore TPS expansion"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail"></a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a><a class="a2a_button_telegram"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> Mon, 15 Apr 2019 03:08:26 +0000 siteadmin 753 at https://climateconnection.org.in Raichur Thermal Power Plant - 7x210 MW + 1x250 MW https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/raichur-thermal-power-plant-7x210-mw-1x250-mw <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--resources.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Raichur Thermal Power Plant - 7x210 MW + 1x250 MW</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--resources.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Water Consumption pattern for the year 2016 - 17 is compared with the data from CTO (for the period 2016 -2021) and the actual quantity of water to be permitted under MoEF &amp; CC, 2015 Notification.</p> <p>2016 -2017 water split up graph shows water consumed by the plant as Cooling water, Process water, and Domestic water. Each data is compared with their respective water consumption data given in the Consent to Operate (CTO) of the plant. In all the three graphs, water consumed is way lower than the assigned quantity under CTO. Graph under "Comparison between CTO, rule and actual water consumption data" clearly shows the excess water permit given by the authorities under CTO. If the deciding authority doesn't follow the rules framed by MoEF &amp; CC, then how do we expect compliance from thermal power plants.?</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--resources.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/harshavardhinivaragunancagorgin" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="" content="harshavardhini.varagunan@cag.org.in">harshavardhini…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--resources.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Fri, 24/08/2018 - 13:02</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-embed-area--resources.html.twig * field--node--field-embed-area.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-embed-area.html.twig x field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-embed-area field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="tableauPlaceholder" id="viz1538207300981" style="position: relative"><noscript><a href="#"><img alt="Water Consumption pattern for the year 2016 - 2017 " src="https://public.tableau.com/static/images/RT/RTPS/Story1/1_rss.png" style="border: none" /></a></noscript> <object class="tableauViz" style="display:none;"><param name="host_url" value="https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F" /> <param name="embed_code_version" value="3" /> <param name="site_root" value="" /><param name="name" value="RTPS/Story1" /><param name="tabs" value="no" /><param name="toolbar" value="yes" /><param name="static_image" value="https://public.tableau.com/static/images/RT/RTPS/Story1/1.png" /> <param name="animate_transition" value="yes" /><param name="display_static_image" value="yes" /><param name="display_spinner" value="yes" /><param name="display_overlay" value="yes" /><param name="display_count" value="yes" /><param name="filter" value="publish=yes" /></object></div> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[// ><!-- var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1538207300981'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.width='1016px';vizElement.style.height='991px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); //--><!]]> </script></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-long.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--resources.html.twig x field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--resources.html.twig * field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline clearfix"> <h3 class="field__label inline">Tags</h3> <ul class='links field__items'> <li><a href="/tags/eia" hreflang="en">EIA</a></li> <li><a href="/tags/environmental-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">Environmental Impact Assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/tags/thermal-power-plants" hreflang="en">Thermal Power Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/tags/data-visuation" hreflang="en">Data Visuation</a></li> <li><a href="/tags/graphs" hreflang="en">Graphs</a></li> <li><a href="/tags/monitoring-and-compliance" hreflang="en">Monitoring and Compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/tags/frontpage" hreflang="en">frontpage</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--resources.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_37 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://climateconnection.org.in/resources/raichur-thermal-power-plant-7x210-mw-1x250-mw" data-a2a-title="Raichur Thermal Power Plant - 7x210 MW + 1x250 MW"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail"></a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a><a class="a2a_button_telegram"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> Fri, 24 Aug 2018 07:32:36 +0000 harshavardhini.varagunan@cag.org.in 367 at https://climateconnection.org.in